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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
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A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
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Published on: June 24, 2025

Solidago, orthosiphon, birch and cranberry extracts can decrease microbial colonization and biofilm development in

Tommaso Cai1, Iole Caola, Francesco Tessarolo

  • 1Department of Urology, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, Largo Medaglie d'Oro, 9, Trento, Italy, ktommy@libero.it.

World Journal of Urology
|October 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that a plant extract preparation significantly reduced microbial colonization in patients with urinary catheters. Further research is needed to confirm its effectiveness against catheter-associated urinary tract infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Microbiology
  • Phytotherapy

Background:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in patients with indwelling urinary catheters.
  • Plant extracts have been traditionally used to manage UTIs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a preparation containing Solidago, Orthosiphon, Birch, and Cranberry extracts (CISTIMEV PLUS®) in reducing microbial colonization and biofilm development in patients with indwelling urinary catheters.

Main Methods:

  • A single-blinded, randomized, controlled pilot study.
  • 48 patients received CISTIMEV PLUS® daily for 30 days; 35 patients received no treatment.
  • Urine cultures and ultrastructural analysis were performed before and after the 30-day period.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant reduction in positive urine cultures was observed in the CISTIMEV PLUS® group (10/43) compared to the control group (16/30) (p = 0.013).
  • Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis were the most frequently isolated bacteria.

Conclusions:

  • The plant extract preparation demonstrated a significant reduction in microbial colonization in patients with indwelling urinary catheters.
  • Larger clinical trials are necessary to confirm if these findings translate to reduced symptomatic catheter-associated UTIs.