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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:30

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...

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Updated: May 7, 2026

CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults
05:07

CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults

Published on: November 6, 2019

Hand surgery using local anesthesia.

King H Wong1, Nasim S Huq, Aqib Nakhooda

  • 1Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Clinics in Plastic Surgery
|October 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Local anesthesia is a safe and effective option for over 10,000 hand surgeries, including trauma and elective procedures, offering significant benefits in an outpatient setting.

Keywords:
ArthrodesisCarpal tunnel releaseDislocationsDupuytren diseaseFlexor and extensor tendonsFracturesGanglionsHand trauma

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Microscopic Varicocelectomy under Local Anesthesia as the Treatment of Varicocele
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Microscopic Varicocelectomy under Local Anesthesia as the Treatment of Varicocele

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults
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Published on: November 6, 2019

Microscopic Varicocelectomy under Local Anesthesia as the Treatment of Varicocele
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Microscopic Varicocelectomy under Local Anesthesia as the Treatment of Varicocele

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Hand Surgery
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Many hand surgeries are performed in outpatient settings.
  • General anesthesia is often preferred but may not always be necessary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the benefits of using local anesthesia for a wide range of hand surgeries.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of local anesthesia in over 10,000 cases.

Main Methods:

  • Routine use of local anesthesia without sedation for elective and trauma hand procedures.
  • Procedures included carpal/cubital tunnel release, fasciectomy, arthrodesis, arthroplasty, synovectomy, and soft tissue defect repair.

Main Results:

  • Over 10,000 procedures successfully completed using local anesthesia.
  • Demonstrated effectiveness and benefits for various hand conditions and traumas.

Conclusions:

  • Local anesthesia is a viable, beneficial, and effective alternative to general anesthesia for numerous hand surgeries.
  • Outpatient hand surgery can be safely and efficiently managed with local anesthesia.