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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
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Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Published on: March 3, 2023

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

Ethan Rubinstein1, Yoav Keynan

  • 1Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, 543-645 Bannatyne Ave, Basic Medical Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada.

Critical Care Clinics
|October 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are challenging hospital-acquired pathogens. Effective treatment and stringent infection control are crucial for managing VRE infections and preventing their spread.

Keywords:
Critical careEnterococcusGram-positive cocciInfectionResistant pathogenVancomycin

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09:44

Characterization of a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Derived from Oreochromis spp. Farms Using Whole-Genome Sequencing

Published on: December 23, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hospital Epidemiology

Background:

  • Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are significant nosocomial pathogens.
  • Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis are the primary VRE species, with E. faecium predominantly hospital-acquired.
  • Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliflavus possess intrinsic vancomycin resistance and are community-acquired.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the challenges posed by VRE in healthcare settings.
  • To emphasize the importance of infection control measures against VRE.
  • To discuss treatment strategies for severe VRE infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on VRE epidemiology and treatment.
  • Analysis of VRE characteristics and resistance mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of current infection control recommendations.

Main Results:

  • VRE are globally prevalent and difficult to eradicate once established in hospitals.
  • VRE infections are challenging to treat, often requiring combination antimicrobial therapy.
  • Intrinsic vancomycin resistance is noted in E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus.

Conclusions:

  • Infection control is paramount to prevent VRE establishment and transmission.
  • Combination therapy is often necessary for severe VRE infections due to bacteriostatic effects of single agents.
  • Understanding VRE species and their origins (hospital vs. community) is key for effective management.