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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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Updated: May 7, 2026

Quantitative Autonomic Testing
11:40

Quantitative Autonomic Testing

Published on: July 19, 2011

Autoimmune autonomic failure.

Srikanth Muppidi1, Steven Vernino

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|October 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy is a rare disorder affecting the nervous system, caused by antibodies targeting ganglionic acetylcholine receptors. Treatment involves immunomodulatory therapies and managing symptoms for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Autonomic failureautonomic function testingdysautonomiaganglionic acetylcholine receptor antibodyimmunotherapy

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Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
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Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
10:52

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Published on: December 17, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Disorders

Background:

  • Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG) is a syndrome of panautonomic failure.
  • It is characterized by antibodies to ganglionic acetylcholine receptors.
  • Clinical features include postural hypotension, gastrointestinal dysmotility, and pupillary dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy.
  • To elucidate the role of ganglionic acetylcholine receptor antibodies in AAG pathogenesis.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of immunomodulatory treatments for AAG.

Main Methods:

  • Serological testing for ganglionic acetylcholine receptor antibodies.
  • Clinical assessment of autonomic function.
  • Review of patient responses to various immunomodulatory therapies (prednisone, IVIg, plasma exchange, immunosuppressants).
  • Analysis of animal models with similar antibody-mediated phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • Diagnosis is confirmed by detecting ganglionic acetylcholine receptor antibodies.
  • Antibodies mediate functional impairment of ganglionic transmission, causing autonomic failure.
  • Decreased antibody levels correlate with clinical improvement.
  • Patients often require combination immunomodulatory and symptomatic therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy is an antibody-mediated disorder of autonomic failure.
  • Immunomodulatory therapies and symptomatic management are crucial for patient improvement.
  • Understanding the antibody's role guides therapeutic strategies in AAG.