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Limbic encephalitis in a child: an atypical presentation.

Adel A H Mahmoud¹, Fouad A S Al Ghamdi, Michael V Johnston

¹King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Pediatric Neurology

|October 8, 2013

Summary

Limbic encephalitis can occur without paraneoplastic antibodies. This case highlights recurrent limbic encephalitis in a child with seizures and memory loss, suggesting an unrecognized antibody may be involved.

Keywords:

antibodies limbic encephalitis magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)memory seizure

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology

Background:

Limbic encephalitis is a rare neurological disorder with subacute onset.
Symptoms include memory loss, seizures, and psychiatric disturbances, often leading to misdiagnosis.

Observation:

A 12-year-old boy experienced recurrent focal seizures and behavioral changes.
Episodes were followed by short-term memory loss and alternating unilateral brain hemispheric involvement on MRI.

Findings:

Despite extensive testing, no paraneoplastic antibodies were detected.
Recurrent limbic encephalitis was diagnosed based on clinical presentation and exclusion of other disorders.

Implications:

The diagnosis of limbic encephalitis should not be excluded in seronegative patients with characteristic symptoms.
This case suggests the possibility of an unrecognized antibody in limbic encephalitis.