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Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Excision and Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy in Adults

Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Excision and Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy in Adults

Published on: February 28, 2025

Acalculous Phrygian cap cholecystitis.

Mohammad Al-Ashqar¹, Ajay Kumar Maliyakkal, Muhammad Hanif Shiwani

¹Department of Upper GI Surgery, Barnsley District General Hospital, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK.

BMJ Case Reports

|October 8, 2013

Summary

A case study details acalculous cholecystitis, an inflammation of the gallbladder without gallstones, found in a patient with a Phrygian cap gallbladder anomaly. This condition required surgical intervention for diagnosis and treatment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Excision and Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy in Adults

Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Excision and Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy in Adults

Published on: February 28, 2025

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Surgical Pathology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Cholecystitis, inflammation of the gallbladder, is typically associated with gallstones.
Acalculous cholecystitis presents without gallstones, posing diagnostic challenges.
Phrygian cap gallbladder is a congenital anomaly where the gallbladder fundus is folded.

Observation:

A 53-year-old woman presented with symptoms suggestive of cholecystitis.
Imaging studies (ultrasound and CT) revealed a gallbladder mass lesion but no gallstones.
The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for diagnosis and management.

Findings:

Histological analysis confirmed acalculous cholecystitis.
The underlying cause was identified as a Phrygian cap gallbladder.
The mass lesion was associated with the gallbladder in the context of this anomaly.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of considering anatomical variations like the Phrygian cap gallbladder in the differential diagnosis of cholecystitis.
It underscores the diagnostic utility of advanced imaging and histological examination in acalculous cholecystitis.
Understanding this association can improve diagnostic accuracy and patient management for gallbladder pathologies.