Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
Band Theory02:35

Band Theory

When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
The energy difference between these bands is known as the band gap.
Conductor, Semiconductor,...
Types of Semiconductors01:20

Types of Semiconductors

Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The semiconductor's...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

First sub-MeV nuclear reaction measurements in a heavy-ion storage ring.

The European physical journal. A, Hadrons and nuclei·2026
Same author

Vaccine microarray patch self-administration: A preliminary study in adults 50 years of age and over.

Vaccine·2025
Same author

Is Ba<sub>3</sub>In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>a high-<i>T</i>superconductor?

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2024
Same author

Efficient termination of cardiac arrhythmias using optogenetic resonant feedback pacing.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2024
Same author

Publisher Correction: Absence of 3a<sub>0</sub> charge density wave order in the infinite-layer nickelate NdNiO<sub>2</sub>.

Nature materials·2024
Same author

Absence of 3a<sub>0</sub> charge density wave order in the infinite-layer nickelate NdNiO<sub>2</sub>.

Nature materials·2024
Same journal

Incoming US science academy chief vows to 'double down' on research.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Author Correction: Synthesis of enantioenriched atropisomers by biocatalytic deracemization.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Electrodeposited self-assembled molecules for perovskite photovoltaics.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Neutrino's nursery found: the 'Shadow Blaster'.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Dementia risk in middle-aged people linked to a blood protein.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Daily briefing: What's really happening with trust in science.

Nature·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Interface superconductor with gap behaviour like a high-temperature superconductor.

C Richter1, H Boschker, W Dietsche

  • 11] Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany [2] Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Augsburg University, 86135 Augsburg, Germany.

Nature
|October 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Investigating two-dimensional (2D) superconductors reveals how their electronic spectral density of states changes with carrier depletion. The superconducting energy gap increases with carrier depletion, mirroring pseudogap behavior in high-temperature superconductors.

More Related Videos

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
04:51

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride

Published on: July 8, 2021

Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating
10:36

Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating

Published on: April 12, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
04:51

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride

Published on: July 8, 2021

Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating
10:36

Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating

Published on: April 12, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Understanding superconductivity in two-dimensional (2D) electron systems is crucial for high-transition-temperature copper oxide superconductors and future interface-based superconductors.
  • The behavior of fundamental superconducting parameters, like spectral density of states, during carrier depletion in these systems remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the changes in the electronic spectral density of states in a 2D superconductor as a function of carrier density.
  • To clarify how superconducting parameters evolve when charge carriers are depleted in 2D electron systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized tunnel spectroscopy with planar junctions to measure the electronic spectral density of states.
  • Employed the conducting LaAlO3-SrTiO3 interface as a tunable 2D superconductor, controlled by an electric gate field.

Main Results:

  • Observed an energy gap of approximately 40 microelectronvolts in the density of states, consistent with the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superconducting gap function.
  • The superconducting gap was found to increase with charge carrier depletion in both underdoped and overdoped regions.
  • This behavior contrasts with the dome-shaped dependence of the critical temperature on carrier density.

Conclusions:

  • The observed increase in the superconducting gap with carrier depletion is analogous to pseudogap behavior in high-transition-temperature copper oxide superconductors.
  • These findings suggest that a smooth transition from superconducting gap to pseudogap-like behavior may be a general characteristic of 2D superconductivity.