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Related Concept Videos

Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
The process of spermatogenesis can be divided into mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. During mitosis, the spermatogonia or stem cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells, type A and B spermatogonia. Type-A...
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Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Serial Enrichment of Spermatogonial Stem and Progenitor Cells SSCs in Culture for Derivation of Long-term Adult Mouse SSC Lines
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Spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal and development.

Mito Kanatsu-Shinohara1, Takashi Shinohara

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; email: mshinoha@virus.kyoto-u.ac.jp , tshinoha@virus.kyoto-u.ac.jp.

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
|October 9, 2013
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) drive sperm production. Discoveries in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and in vitro germline stem cell cultures have advanced understanding of SSC self-renewal and potential applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology and stem cell science.

Background:

  • Spermatogenesis, the process of sperm production, originates from spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs).
  • The development of the spermatogonial transplantation technique in 1994 provided the first functional assay for SSC characterization.
  • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was identified as a key SSC self-renewal factor in 2000.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms of SSC self-renewal.
  • To investigate the potential of germline stem (GS) cells derived from SSCs.
  • To understand the relationship between SSCs and their microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the spermatogonial transplantation technique as a functional assay.
  • Deriving and culturing germline stem (GS) cells in vitro.
  • Conducting in vivo SSC analyses to study self-renewal and microenvironmental interactions.

Main Results:

  • The identification of GDNF as an SSC self-renewal factor facilitated the derivation of GS cell cultures in 2003.
  • In vitro GS cell cultures demonstrated pluripotency and utility in germline modification.
  • In vivo studies challenged traditional concepts of SSC self-renewal, highlighting the importance of the microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • Improved understanding of SSC self-renewal mechanisms through functional assays is crucial.
  • Further research promises to reveal fundamental principles of stem cell biology.
  • These advancements hold potential for applications in animal transgenesis and regenerative medicine.