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A young traveller presenting with typhoid fever after oral vaccination: a case report
Martin Grimm1, Christoph Lübbert, Joachim Mössner
1Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. martin.grimm@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
Introduction:
Typhoid fever is one of the most common vaccine-preventable diseases in travellers returning from tropical destinations. However, immunity and the immune response to infection are barely understood.
Case Presentation:
We report a case of tyhoid fever in a 29-year-old Caucasian, previously healthy woman who did not develop protective immunity or seroconversion of H or O antibodies neither after vaccination with the oral Ty21 vaccine, nor after infection with Salmonella typhi.
Conclusions:
This case highlights the insufficiencies of the current vaccination and the lack of a reliable, rapid serologic diagnostic tool for typhoid fever. With this case report, we aim to sensitize the reader that typhoid fever has to be taken into account as a differential diagnosis in patients even after vaccination and with negative serological test results.
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