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Related Concept Videos

Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

35
Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose...
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Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

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Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
34
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

53
Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

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Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

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Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Murine Brain Using a Cost-Effective Hyperglycemic And Hypoglycemic Clamp Technique
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Glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia.

Antonio Perez1, Sergio Jansen-Chaparro, Ignasi Saigi

  • 1Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i San Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.

Journal of Diabetes
|October 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Corticosteroid-induced hyperglycemia, a common issue, is often undervalued. This review clarifies its diagnosis and proposes tailored treatment strategies for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
glucocorticoidshyperglycemiatreatment strategy糖皮质激素，高血糖，治疗策略

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Corticosteroid-induced hyperglycemia is a frequent complication with significant morbidity.
  • Diagnosis and management strategies are often undervalued due to limited research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of corticosteroid-induced hyperglycemia.
  • To provide diagnostic clues based on corticosteroid formulation, duration, and schedule.
  • To propose evidence-based treatment strategies and goals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on corticosteroid-induced hyperglycemia.
  • Analysis of pathophysiology and formulation-specific hyperglycemia patterns.
  • Synthesis of clinical practice guidelines for diabetes management.

Main Results:

  • Diverse hyperglycemia patterns are observed based on corticosteroid formulations.
  • Diagnosis can be aided by considering treatment duration and administration timing.
  • Proposed treatment strategies incorporate pathophysiology and corticosteroid mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • A structured approach to diagnosing and treating corticosteroid-induced hyperglycemia is needed.
  • Tailored treatment goals should consider transient versus continuous corticosteroid use.
  • Further research is warranted to refine management strategies.