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Related Concept Videos

Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

108
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
108
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

219
Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
219
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

2.0K
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

32
Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
32
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

49
Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
49

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
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Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain

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[Congenital CMV infections].

Jantien W Wieringa1, Jutte J C de Vries, Jean Luc Murk

  • 1Medisch Centrum Haaglanden, afd. Kindergeneeskunde, Den Haag.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|October 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is often asymptomatic at birth but can cause long-term health issues. Early diagnosis and potential antiviral treatment are crucial for affected neonates.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Virology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection affects 10-15% of neonates, often presenting with subtle or no symptoms at birth.
  • Common symptoms include intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurological or ophthalmological abnormalities.
  • Both symptomatic and asymptomatic congenital CMV infections can lead to significant long-term health consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in neonates.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing potential long-term effects of CMV infection.
  • To inform clinical practice regarding neonatal CMV screening and treatment.

Main Methods:

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Expanding Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Umbilical Cord Blood that Target Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Adenovirus
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Expanding Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Umbilical Cord Blood that Target Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Adenovirus

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Use of In vivo Imaging to Monitor the Progression of Experimental Mouse Cytomegalovirus Infection in Neonates
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Expanding Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Umbilical Cord Blood that Target Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Adenovirus
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  • Review of diagnostic methods for maternal and neonatal CMV infection, including viral culture and PCR.
  • Discussion of preventative strategies, such as maternal treatment with CMV hyperimmune globulin.
  • Analysis of treatment options for symptomatic neonates and the necessity of long-term follow-up.

    • Main Results:

    • Congenital CMV diagnosis in neonates is primarily achieved through urine viral culture or PCR; blood testing has limited value.
    • Antiviral treatment should be considered for neonates exhibiting symptoms like petechiae, microcephaly, CNS abnormalities, sensorineural hearing loss, or chorioretinitis.
    • Maternal CMV infection during pregnancy can be diagnosed via blood tests and amniotic fluid analysis for viral DNA.

    Conclusions:

    • Congenital CMV infection requires careful diagnosis and management due to potential for severe, long-term complications.
    • Prompt identification and intervention, including antiviral therapy for symptomatic infants, are essential.
    • Long-term monitoring is crucial to detect delayed-onset hearing loss and chorioretinitis in affected neonates.