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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

99
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
99
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

28
Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

116
Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
116
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

55
The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible...
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Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Updated: May 7, 2026

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
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Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

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Evolutionary perspective on hepatitis B virus with an expanded sampling strategy.

Jun-Dong He1, Jian-Mei Gao, Tao Shen

  • 1Institute of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Center of Clinical Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.

Virus Research
|October 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion indicates hepatitis B virus (HBV) evolution. HBeAg-negative patients show higher viral diversity, suggesting a stronger immune response influences HBV mutation profiles.

Keywords:
EvolutionHBeAgSampling strategy

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Investigating the evolutionary mechanisms of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is crucial for understanding disease progression.
  • The role of Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in HBV evolution, particularly concerning viral diversity and mutation patterns, requires further elucidation.

Observation:

  • Sequencing of basic core promoter (BCP) and precore (preC) regions from 348 clones across ten Chinese HBV patients was performed.
  • Eleven specific mutations were found to be more prevalent in HBeAg-negative patients compared to HBeAg-positive patients.
  • Phylogenetic and network analyses indicated monophyly of viral variants within each patient, with higher haplotype and nucleotide diversity observed in HBeAg-negative individuals.

Findings:

  • HBeAg seroconversion was significantly associated with increased viral diversity, serving as a key indicator of HBV evolution.
  • A stronger host immune response correlated with lower viral haplotype diversity, as suggested by dN/dS analysis.
  • The study highlights the necessity of sequencing a larger number of variants per patient to accurately characterize HBV properties.

Implications:

  • Understanding the relationship between HBeAg status, viral diversity, and immune pressure can inform HBV treatment strategies.
  • The findings underscore the importance of comprehensive viral sequencing for a deeper insight into HBV pathogenesis and evolution.
  • This research contributes to the ongoing effort to decipher the complex interplay between the virus and the host immune system in chronic Hepatitis B.