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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Related Experiment Video

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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
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XUV coherent diffraction imaging in reflection geometry with low numerical aperture.

Michael Zürch, Christian Kern, Christian Spielmann

    Optics Express
    |October 10, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    We demonstrate coherent diffraction imaging using a laser-driven high harmonic generation (HHG) XUV source. This study details image reconstruction challenges and provides guidelines for achieving micron-scale resolution in reflection geometry.

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    Area of Science:

    • * Optics and Photonics
    • * Materials Science
    • * X-ray Imaging

    Background:

    • * Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) enables label-free, high-resolution imaging of materials.
    • * Utilizing extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light from laser-driven high harmonic generation (HHG) offers unique probing capabilities.
    • * Reflection geometry presents specific challenges for CDI data acquisition and reconstruction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To experimentally realize coherent diffraction imaging in reflection geometry using an XUV source.
    • * To investigate and identify key factors that degrade image quality during reconstruction.
    • * To establish guidelines for achieving high-resolution imaging in this configuration.

    Main Methods:

    • * Experimental setup for reflection geometry CDI using a laser-driven HHG XUV source.
    • * Data correction procedures applied to the recorded diffraction patterns.
    • * Application of the hybrid input-output (HIO) algorithm for image reconstruction.

    Main Results:

    • * Identified sources of image degradation: nonlinear momentum transfer, inaccurate incidence angle estimation, and computational grid centering errors.
    • * Demonstrated the impact of these errors on reconstructed image quality.
    • * Achieved spatial resolution in the micron range for imaging parameters with a numerical aperture (NA) < 0.03.

    Conclusions:

    • * Successful experimental demonstration of reflection geometry CDI with an HHX source.
    • * Understanding and mitigating identified error sources are crucial for accurate image reconstruction.
    • * Guidelines provided facilitate achieving satisfactory micron-scale resolution in reflection CDI setups.