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Graphene/liquid crystal based terahertz phase shifters.

Yang Wu, Xuezhong Ruan, Chih-Hsin Chen

    Optics Express
    |October 10, 2013
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    Graphene films serve as transparent electrodes in a novel liquid crystal terahertz phase shifter. This device offers continuous tunability and low-voltage electrical control for terahertz applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optoelectronics
    • Physics

    Background:

    • Graphene's unique electrical and optical properties make it suitable for terahertz (THz) applications.
    • Transparent electrodes are crucial components in various electronic and photonic devices.
    • Liquid crystals (LCs) offer tunable optical properties that can be exploited for phase modulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a liquid crystal-based terahertz phase shifter utilizing graphene films as transparent electrodes.
    • To investigate the terahertz transmittance and electrical conductivity of graphene films based on the number of layers.
    • To evaluate the performance of the proposed phase shifter in terms of phase shift, saturation voltage, and tunability.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a liquid crystal cell with graphene films serving as transparent electrodes.
    • Characterization of terahertz transmittance and electrical conductivity of multi-layer graphene films.
    • Measurement of the phase shift and operational voltage of the terahertz phase shifter.

    Main Results:

    • The developed terahertz phase shifter achieved a maximum phase shift of 10.8 degrees.
    • The device operated with a low saturation voltage of 5 V using a 50 µm liquid crystal cell.
    • Graphene films exhibited frequency-dependent transmittance and conductivity related to the number of layers.

    Conclusions:

    • Graphene is a viable material for transparent electrodes in terahertz devices.
    • The liquid crystal phase shifter demonstrates effective, electrically controlled terahertz phase modulation.
    • The device offers continuous tunability and low operating voltage, suitable for advanced terahertz systems.