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Velocity and Position by Graphical Method01:34

Velocity and Position by Graphical Method

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Velocity and position can be calculated from the known function of acceleration as a function of time. The total area under the acceleration-time graph and the velocity-time graph gives the change in velocity and position, respectively. In the case of an airplane, its acceleration is tracked using the inertial navigation system. The pilot provides the input of the airplane's initial position and velocity before takeoff. The inertial navigation system then uses the acceleration data to...
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Relative Motion Analysis - Velocity01:24

Relative Motion Analysis - Velocity

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A stroke engine has a slider-crank mechanism that converts rotational motion from the crank into linear motion of the slider or vice versa. This mechanism consists of three main parts: the crank, the connecting rod, and the slider.
When an external force is exerted, it sets the crank into a rotational movement. This, in turn, instigates the motion of the connecting rod, leading to what is referred to as a general plane motion. This process involves two key points - point A on the connecting rod...
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Velocity and Position by Integral Method01:13

Velocity and Position by Integral Method

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If acceleration as a function of time is known, then velocity and position functions can be derived using integral calculus. For constant acceleration, the integral equations refer to the first and second kinematic equations for velocity and position functions, respectively.
Consider an example to calculate the velocity and position from the acceleration function. A motorboat is traveling at a constant velocity of 5.0 m/s when it starts to decelerate to arrive at the dock. Its acceleration is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
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Transferring the attoclock technique to velocity map imaging.

Matthias Weger, Jochen Maurer, André Ludwig

    Optics Express
    |October 10, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Attosecond angular streaking experiments now utilize velocity map imaging spectrometers, offering new insights into atomic tunnel ionization timing. This advancement enables detailed analysis of electron momentum distributions in intense laser fields.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atomic Physics
    • Quantum Dynamics
    • Ultrafast Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Attosecond angular streaking provides insights into electron dynamics during atomic ionization.
    • Previous experiments were limited to Cold-Target Recoil-Ion Momentum Spectrometers (COLTRIMS).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To adapt attosecond angular streaking for Velocity Map Imaging Spectrometers (VMIS).
    • To analyze photoelectron momentum distributions from strong-field ionization using few-cycle laser pulses.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of attosecond angular streaking with a VMIS.
    • Use of few-cycle, elliptically polarized laser pulses (sub-10 fs) at 10 kHz repetition rate.
    • Tomographic reconstruction of 3D photoelectron momentum distributions from electron images.

    Main Results:

    • Successful application of attosecond angular streaking in a VMIS setup.
    • High ionization yield per pulse achieved.
    • Detailed analysis of photoelectron momentum in the polarization plane.

    Conclusions:

    • VMIS is a viable alternative to COLTRIMS for attosecond angular streaking.
    • This technique advances the study of ultrafast electron dynamics in atomic ionization.