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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.8K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire01:27

Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire

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Consider an infinitely long straight wire carrying a current I. The magnetic field at point P at a distance a from the origin can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

2.4K
Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires01:18

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

5.2K
Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method
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Published on: October 18, 2012

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A one-dimensional tunable magnetic metamaterial.

S Butz, P Jung, L V Filippenko

    Optics Express
    |October 10, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a tunable superconducting metamaterial using Josephson junctions. Applying a magnetic field alters its properties, enabling broad frequency band tunability for advanced applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Condensed Matter Physics
    • Materials Science
    • Electromagnetism

    Background:

    • Superconducting metamaterials offer unique electromagnetic properties.
    • Josephson junctions, specifically radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference devices (rf-SQUIDs), exhibit nonlinear inductance.
    • This nonlinearity allows for external control of device characteristics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally demonstrate a tunable one-dimensional superconducting metamaterial.
    • To investigate the tunability of metamaterial parameters via an applied magnetic field.
    • To characterize the effective magnetic permeability of the metamaterial.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a one-dimensional metamaterial composed of 54 rf-SQUIDs.
    • In situ tuning of the metamaterial's resonance frequency using a DC magnetic field.
    • Measurement of the complex transmission coefficient (S₂₁) to determine effective parameters.

    Main Results:

    • The superconducting metamaterial exhibits tunable properties over a broad frequency band.
    • The resonance frequency of the metamaterial is effectively tuned by the applied DC magnetic field.
    • The effective magnetic permeability (μr,eff) was successfully extracted using transmission coefficient data.

    Conclusions:

    • The presented rf-SQUID-based metamaterial demonstrates significant magnetic field tunability.
    • This tunable superconducting metamaterial holds potential for applications in frequency-agile devices.
    • The method utilizing only the complex transmission coefficient is effective for characterizing such metamaterials.