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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

6.0K
A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
6.0K
Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

11.4K
A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
11.4K
Magnetic Field Lines01:19

Magnetic Field Lines

5.5K
The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:
5.5K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.1K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.1K
Magnetic Vector Potential01:15

Magnetic Vector Potential

1.8K
In electrostatics, the electric field can be written as the negative gradient of the potential. In magnetostatics, the zero divergence of the magnetic field ensures that the magnetic field can be expressed as the curl of a vector potential. This potential is known as the magnetic vector potential.
Consider an ideal solenoid with n turns per unit length and radius R. If I is the current through the solenoid, the magnetic field inside the solenoid is expressed as the product of vacuum...
1.8K
Plane Electromagnetic Waves II01:29

Plane Electromagnetic Waves II

3.1K
Consider a plane wavefront traveling in position x-direction with a constant speed. This wavefront can be utilized to obtain the relationship between electric and magnetic fields with the help of Faraday's law.
3.1K

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Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples
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Spatial encoding using the nonlinear field perturbations from magnetic materials.

Hirad Karimi1, William Dominguez-Viqueira, Charles H Cunningham

  • 1Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Physical Sciences Department, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|October 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates the feasibility of using magnetic materials to create spatial encoding fields for imaging. This novel approach offers a simpler and more cost-effective alternative to traditional gradient inserts.

Keywords:
field perturbationsnonlinear spatial encodingreconstructionsusceptibility

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Conventional MRI relies on gradient coils for spatial encoding.
  • Gradient inserts can be complex and costly to implement.
  • Alternative methods for generating spatial encoding fields are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the technical feasibility of using magnetic materials for spatial encoding.
  • To explore a novel method for generating tailored magnetic fields in MRI.

Main Methods:

  • Generated spatially varying magnetic fields using magnetic markers with varying volume susceptibilities.
  • Developed a signal-encoding model for image reconstruction without linear gradients.
  • Conducted simulations and proof-of-concept experiments using a cylindrical magnetic marker.

Main Results:

  • Successfully reconstructed images from signals encoded with magnetic field perturbations.
  • Demonstrated correspondence between experimental and conventional gradient-echo images.
  • Achieved resolution of 1.5 mm inclusions using the experimental setup.

Conclusions:

  • Magnetic materials offer a technically feasible method for generating spatial encoding fields.
  • This approach allows for tailored field generation with reduced complexity and cost.
  • Potential for simplified and more economical MRI systems.