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Related Concept Videos

Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

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Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...
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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation01:25

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

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Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law01:09

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law

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The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The modern...
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Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

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Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which...
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

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Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
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Photoconversion of Purified Fluorescent Proteins and Dual-probe Optical Highlighting in Live Cells
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Photoconversion of Purified Fluorescent Proteins and Dual-probe Optical Highlighting in Live Cells

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Upconversion spectrophotofluorometry.

Arianna Biesso1, Jianhua Xu, Jay R Knutson

  • 1NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ultrafast dynamics in proteins, DNA, and lipids, occurring within picoseconds, are crucial for function. The upconversion technique uses lasers to capture these rapid molecular events, offering new insights into biological processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Fluorescent molecules are sensitive to their environment, enabling studies of molecular dynamics.
  • Protein, DNA, and lipid dynamics are critical areas of molecular biology research.
  • Events faster than typical fluorophore lifetimes (nanoseconds) are important for protein function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ultrafast phenomena (picosecond scale) in biological systems.
  • To explore the connection between water motion and protein dynamics.
  • To introduce and explain the upconversion technique for studying these rapid events.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing laser-based strobing of fluorescence emission.
  • Employing the upconversion technique for sub-picosecond time resolution.
  • Analyzing ultrafast phenomena in protein, DNA, and lipid dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Identified the importance of picosecond-scale events in protein function.
  • Demonstrated the link between water motion and coupled protein dynamics.
  • Showcased the capability of upconversion for capturing sub-picosecond biological actions.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrafast dynamics are essential for understanding biological processes at the molecular level.
  • The upconversion technique provides a powerful method for studying these rapid events.
  • Further research can leverage this technique to explore complex molecular interactions.