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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Fingerprinting Cardiolipin in Leukocytes by Mass Spectrometry for a Rapid Diagnosis of Barth Syndrome
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Brown-McLean syndrome.

Ka Wai Kam1, Vishal Jhanji, Alvin L Young

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

BMJ Case Reports
|October 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Brown-McLean syndrome, a rare corneal condition, caused peripheral corneal edema in an elderly man. Advanced imaging confirmed the diagnosis and monitored the static condition, preserving visual acuity.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Corneal Diseases
  • Anterior Segment Imaging

Background:

  • High myopia and prior ocular surgery (cataract extraction, iridectomy) are noted risk factors.
  • Aphakia can predispose individuals to specific corneal complications.
  • Brown-McLean syndrome is a rare peripheral corneal edema of unknown etiology.

Observation:

  • An 80-year-old male presented with static peripheral corneal edema.
  • The edema did not affect central cornea or visual acuity.
  • No endothelial cell density loss was observed via specular microscopy.

Findings:

  • Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) visualized corneal architecture.
  • Scheimpflug imaging revealed peripheral corneal thickening and increased density.

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  • These findings are consistent with Brown-McLean syndrome.

    • Implications:

    • Advanced imaging techniques aid in characterizing rare corneal conditions.
    • Precise monitoring of disease progression is achievable with serial imaging.
    • Understanding Brown-McLean syndrome aids in differential diagnosis and patient management.