Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

1.3K
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
1.3K
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

1.1K
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
1.1K
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

1.0K
Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
1.0K
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

6.0K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
6.0K
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

2.1K
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
2.1K
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

1.3K
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Crystal structure of (E)-4,4'-(but-2-ene-1,4-di-yl)bis-(2-meth-oxy-phenol).

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2015
Same author

Crystal structure of N-[4-amino-5-cyano-6-(methyl-sulfan-yl)pyridin-2-yl]-2-chloro-acetamide.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2015
Same author

Crystal structure of N-[4-amino-5-cyano-6-(methyl-sulfan-yl)pyridin-2-yl]acetamide hemihydrate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2015
Same author

Crystal structure of 4,6-di-amino-2-(methyl-sulfan-yl)pyridine-3-carbo-nitrile.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2015
Same author

9-Allyl-9H-fluoren-9-ol.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2014
Same author

Santal monohydrate, an isoflavone isolated from Wye-thia mollis.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2014
Same journal

Crystal structure of 1-(piperidin-1-yl)butane-1,3-dione.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015
Same journal

Crystal structure of methyl 1-methyl-3,5-diphenyl-7-tosyl-3,6,7,11b-tetra-hydro-pyrazolo-[4',3':5,6]pyrano[3,4-c]quinoline-5a(5H)-carboxyl-ate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015
Same journal

Crystal structure of 4-amino-1-(4-methyl-benz-yl)pyridinium bromide.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015
Same journal

Crystal structure of (Z)-3-benz-yloxy-6-[(2-hy-droxy-anilino)methyl-idene]cyclo-hexa-2,4-dien-1-one.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015
Same journal

Crystal structure of bis-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole) perchloric acid monosolvate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015
Same journal

Crystal structure of 2-(di-phenyl-phos-phanyl)phenyl 4-(hy-droxy-meth-yl)benzoate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Intra-Omental Islet Transplantation Using h-Omental Matrix Islet filliNG hOMING
07:36

Intra-Omental Islet Transplantation Using h-Omental Matrix Islet filliNG hOMING

Published on: March 14, 2019

8.5K

Isotenulin.

Kyle S Knight1, Cole T Smith, Thomas G Waddell

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|October 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Isotenulin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Helenium amarum, was structurally characterized. Its crystal structure reveals a unique three-dimensional network formed by C-H⋯O interactions.

More Related Videos

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
06:09

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

11.5K
Lentiviral Mediated Gene Silencing in Human Pseudoislet Prepared in Low Attachment Plates
11:24

Lentiviral Mediated Gene Silencing in Human Pseudoislet Prepared in Low Attachment Plates

Published on: May 14, 2019

5.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Intra-Omental Islet Transplantation Using h-Omental Matrix Islet filliNG hOMING
07:36

Intra-Omental Islet Transplantation Using h-Omental Matrix Islet filliNG hOMING

Published on: March 14, 2019

8.5K
An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
06:09

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

11.5K
Lentiviral Mediated Gene Silencing in Human Pseudoislet Prepared in Low Attachment Plates
11:24

Lentiviral Mediated Gene Silencing in Human Pseudoislet Prepared in Low Attachment Plates

Published on: May 14, 2019

5.1K

Area of Science:

  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Sesquiterpene lactones are a diverse class of natural products.
  • Helenium amarum (sneezeweed) is a known source of bioactive compounds.
  • Understanding the structure of natural products is crucial for their potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the crystal structure of Isotenulin.
  • To elucidate the molecular conformation and intermolecular interactions of Isotenulin.
  • To provide a detailed structural analysis of this sesquiterpene lactone.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
  • Crystallographic data collection and structure determination.
  • Analysis of molecular geometry and hydrogen bonding.

Main Results:

  • Isotenulin (C17H22O5) crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit.
  • Each molecule features trans-fused cyclopentenone and lactone rings to a central seven-membered ring.
  • The crystal structure is stabilized by a three-dimensional network of C-H⋯O interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal structure of Isotenulin has been fully characterized.
  • The study provides insights into the conformational preferences and intermolecular interactions of Isotenulin.
  • This detailed structural information can aid in understanding the biological activity and synthetic strategies for Isotenulin.