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Upper airway obstruction in Norwich Terriers: 16 cases
L R Johnson1, P D Mayhew, M A Steffey
1Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
|October 12, 2013
Summary
Norwich Terriers can have serious upper airway obstruction, often without obvious signs. Laryngoscopic examination is crucial for diagnosis, as physical exams may appear normal despite severe laryngeal abnormalities.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Canine Respiratory Health
- Surgical Pathology
Background:
- Norwich Terriers are increasingly popular, raising awareness of potential health issues.
- Respiratory problems are a growing concern in this nonbrachycephalic breed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and describe the components of obstructive upper airway syndrome in Norwich Terriers.
- To differentiate this syndrome from that seen in brachycephalic breeds.
Main Methods:
- A prospective case series involving 16 Norwich Terriers (12 with and 4 without respiratory signs).
- Physical and laryngoscopic examinations were conducted by a single investigator.
- Medical and surgical interventions and follow-up outcomes were recorded.
Main Results:
- Laryngoscopic examination revealed abnormalities in 11 of 12 dogs with respiratory complaints, including redundant supra-arytenoid folds, laryngeal collapse, everted laryngeal saccules, and narrowed laryngeal openings.
- Three of four dogs without clinical signs showed similar laryngeal abnormalities on laryngoscopy.
- Physical examinations were often normal, even in dogs with severe laryngeal obstruction.
Conclusions:
- Norwich Terriers exhibit a distinct upper airway obstructive syndrome.
- Diagnosis requires laryngoscopy due to frequent lack of clinical and physical signs.
- Anesthesia carries risks due to small laryngeal openings in affected dogs.
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