Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

7.1K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
7.1K
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

8.4K
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
8.4K
Classification of Leukocytes01:30

Classification of Leukocytes

9.3K
Leukocytes are classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules. Granular leukocytes, which contain granules, belong to the myeloid lineage and are divided into three subtypes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells are roughly spherical and characterized by the granules in their cytoplasm.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...
9.3K
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

66.4K
Overview
66.4K
Hybridoma Technology01:31

Hybridoma Technology

13.4K
Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation,...
13.4K
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

7.3K
Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
7.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cryptosporidiosis in Ptients with Inborn Errors of Immunity: Retrospective cohort study of the French National Reference Center (CEREDIH).

The Journal of infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Expanding the clinical spectrum of RNU4ATAC-opathies: more frequent and diverse than assumed.

Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics·2026
Same author

Paediatric-onset autoimmune cytopenia: How can we reduce the long-term mortality?

British journal of haematology·2026
Same author

Novel de novo dominant <i>PSMB10</i> variants in three patients with immune deficiency and liver disease.

Journal of human immunity·2026
Same author

Ribosomal RNA processing impairments in a B cell immunodeficient patient with WDR75 variants.

Journal of human immunity·2026
Same author

Exome sequencing enables molecular diagnosis in 10% of early-onset or familial systemic lupus erythematosus cases.

EBioMedicine·2026
Same journal

Fast Generation of F(Ab')<sub>2</sub> Fragments From Human IgG Using Fc-Fused IgG-Degrading Enzyme.

European journal of immunology·2026
Same journal

Generation of Regulatory T Cells Against Islet Neoantigen.

European journal of immunology·2026
Same journal

Complement Inhibition in the Clinic: Are We Doing Enough to Protect Patients From Infection?

European journal of immunology·2026
Same journal

Special Issue: yEFIS 3rd Symposium.

European journal of immunology·2026
Same journal

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Knockout Reveals a Nonredundant Role for p16<sup>INK4A</sup> in Controlling TCR-Dependent and Independent CD8 T Cell Expansion.

European journal of immunology·2026
Same journal

Induction of Humoral and Cellular Immunity After SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 Vaccination in Individuals With and Without Prior Infection.

European journal of immunology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

A Colorimetric Assay that Specifically Measures Granzyme B Proteolytic Activity: Hydrolysis of Boc-Ala-Ala-Asp-S-Bzl
05:20

A Colorimetric Assay that Specifically Measures Granzyme B Proteolytic Activity: Hydrolysis of Boc-Ala-Ala-Asp-S-Bzl

Published on: November 28, 2014

12.6K

Human plasma cells express granzyme B.

Wei Xu1, Priya Narayanan, Ning Kang

  • 1Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA; Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Glycart, Schlieren, Switzerland.

European Journal of Immunology
|October 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human plasma cells (PCs) expressing immunoglobulin kappa or lambda chains are the primary granzyme B (GrzB) expressors. Macrophages and T follicular helper cells induce GrzB expression in PCs via IL-15 and IL-21.

Keywords:
B cellsGranzyme B (GrzB)Plasma cells

More Related Videos

A High Yield and Cost-efficient Expression System of Human Granzymes in Mammalian Cells
09:16

A High Yield and Cost-efficient Expression System of Human Granzymes in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 10, 2015

9.7K
A GPC3-targeting Bispecific Antibody, GPC3-S-Fab, with Potent Cytotoxicity
11:13

A GPC3-targeting Bispecific Antibody, GPC3-S-Fab, with Potent Cytotoxicity

Published on: July 12, 2018

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

A Colorimetric Assay that Specifically Measures Granzyme B Proteolytic Activity: Hydrolysis of Boc-Ala-Ala-Asp-S-Bzl
05:20

A Colorimetric Assay that Specifically Measures Granzyme B Proteolytic Activity: Hydrolysis of Boc-Ala-Ala-Asp-S-Bzl

Published on: November 28, 2014

12.6K
A High Yield and Cost-efficient Expression System of Human Granzymes in Mammalian Cells
09:16

A High Yield and Cost-efficient Expression System of Human Granzymes in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 10, 2015

9.7K
A GPC3-targeting Bispecific Antibody, GPC3-S-Fab, with Potent Cytotoxicity
11:13

A GPC3-targeting Bispecific Antibody, GPC3-S-Fab, with Potent Cytotoxicity

Published on: July 12, 2018

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Plasma cells (PCs) are crucial for antibody production.
  • The function of granzyme B (GrzB) in PCs is not well understood.
  • GrzB expression is typically associated with cytotoxic lymphocytes, not PCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression and regulation of granzyme B (GrzB) in human plasma cells (PCs).
  • To identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving GrzB expression in PCs.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of human tonsil tissue to identify GrzB-expressing PCs.
  • In vitro co-culture experiments with activated B cells, macrophages, and follicular helper T cells.
  • Stimulation with cytokines IL-15 and IL-21 and assessment of STAT3 signaling pathway.
  • mRNA and protein analysis for GrzB expression.

Main Results:

  • Immunoglobulin kappa or lambda chain-expressing PCs were identified as the main GrzB-expressing cells in human tonsils.
  • Activated B cells differentiated into GrzB-expressing PCs when co-cultured with macrophages and follicular helper T cells.
  • Combined stimulation with IL-15 (from macrophages) and IL-21 (from T follicular helper cells) induced GrzB expression in a STAT3-dependent manner.
  • IL-21 upregulated GrzB mRNA, while IL-15 enhanced GrzB protein translation.
  • Murine PCs do not express GrzB, limiting in vivo studies.

Conclusions:

  • Human plasma cells, particularly those expressing immunoglobulin kappa or lambda chains, can express granzyme B.
  • The differentiation of GrzB-expressing PCs is regulated by interactions with macrophages and follicular helper T cells.
  • Cytokines IL-15 and IL-21, acting via STAT3, play a synergistic role in controlling GrzB expression at both mRNA and protein levels in PCs.
  • The functional significance of GrzB in PCs requires further investigation, and mouse models are unsuitable for this research.