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Updated: May 7, 2026

Finite Element Modelling of a Cellular Electric Microenvironment
Published on: May 18, 2021
Heterogeneous nucleation in multi-component vapor on a partially wettable charged conducting particle. I. Formulation
M Noppel1, H Vehkamäki, P M Winkler
1Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia.
Abstract:
Thermodynamics is applied to formulate general equations for internal energies and grand potential for a system consisting of a dielectric liquid nucleus of a new phase on a charged insoluble conducting sphere within a uniform macroscopic one- or multicomponent mother phase. The currently available model for ion-induced nucleation assumes complete spherical symmetry of the system, implying that the seed ion is immediately surrounded by the condensing liquid from all sides. We take a step further and treat more realistic geometries, where a cap-shaped liquid cluster forms on the surface of the seed particle. To take into account spontaneous polarization of surface layer molecules we introduce the electrical surface and line excess quantities.
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