Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 7, 2026
06:57
Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Training in Rats
Published on: February 4, 2016
10.7K
Simultaneous conditioning of valence and arousal
Bertram Gawronski1, Derek G V Mitchell
1a Department of Psychology , The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada.
Cognition & Emotion
|October 15, 2013
Summary
Evaluative conditioning (EC) impacts both valence and arousal. Affective responses condition on two dimensions, with arousal influencing memory and extinction differently than valence.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Cognitive Science
- Affective Science
Background:
- Evaluative conditioning (EC) modifies stimulus valence via unconditioned stimulus (US) pairing.
- Core affect involves valence and arousal, yet EC research often overlooks arousal.
- Understanding EC's dual dimensions is crucial for affective response origins.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate EC's impact on both valence and arousal dimensions.
- Examine the relationship between conditioned arousal, valence, and memory.
- Assess the differential extinction of conditioned valence and arousal.
Main Methods:
- Two experiments measured subjective feelings elicited by conditioned stimuli (CS).
- Paired CS with high/low arousal positive/negative USs.
- Analyzed changes in CS valence and arousal, memory recall, and extinction patterns.
Main Results:
- EC pairings altered both CS valence and arousal.
- Conditioned arousal, not valence, correlated with memory for CS-US pairings.
- Conditioned valence extinguished more readily than conditioned arousal.
- EC effects were more pronounced with high-arousal USs.
Conclusions:
- Affective responses condition along independent valence and arousal dimensions.
- Arousal plays a distinct role in EC, influencing memory and extinction.
- Future EC research should consider both valence and arousal for a comprehensive understanding.
More Related Videos
09:26A Novel Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Paradigm to Study Freezing and Flight Behavior
Published on: January 5, 2021
6.3K
10:50Behavioral Determination of Stimulus Pair Discrimination of Auditory Acoustic and Electrical Stimuli Using a Classical Conditioning and Heart-rate Approach
Published on: June 6, 2012
15.0K
Related Concept Videos
01:23Optimal Arousal Theory
1.4K
The optimal arousal theory suggests that performance is maximized when an individual experiences a moderate level of arousal. This theory is closely tied to the Yerkes-Dodson law, which illustrates an inverted U-shaped relationship between arousal and performance. The law, formulated by psychologists Robert Yerkes and John Dodson, implies an ideal arousal level for optimal performance, and deviations from this level can lead to declines in effectiveness.
Inverted U-Shaped Performance Curve
The...
Inverted U-Shaped Performance Curve
The...
1.4K
01:15Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning
2.6K
Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
2.6K
01:23Principles of Classical Conditioning
4.1K
Classical conditioning, as described by Ivan Pavlov, is a foundational concept in associative learning, where a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a conditioned response through association with an unconditioned stimulus. The process of acquisition, where this learning occurs, and the subsequent phenomena of contiguity, contingency, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of classical conditioning.
During the...
During the...
4.1K
01:18Classical Conditioning
14.2K
Associative learning, a core principle in behavioral psychology, involves forming connections between events and facilitating learned responses. This concept is vividly illustrated by classical conditioning, a process extensively studied by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov's pioneering research on dogs' digestive systems led to the discovery that behaviors can be learned through association, laying the groundwork for classical conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov observed that dogs...
Ivan Pavlov observed that dogs...
14.2K
01:20Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion
2.6K
Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences...
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences...
2.6K
01:17Classical Conditioning in Daily Life
2.9K
Classical conditioning, a fundamental principle of associative learning, explains various phenomena observed in daily life, such as fear development, the placebo effect, taste aversion, and drug habituation. These applications demonstrate the profound impact of associative learning on human behavior and physiological responses.
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner famously demonstrated the development of fear through classical conditioning in their experiment with Little Albert. They paired the...
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner famously demonstrated the development of fear through classical conditioning in their experiment with Little Albert. They paired the...
2.9K