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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

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Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
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Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

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Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
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Cystic Fibrosis: Management01:24

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that predominantly affects individuals of Northern European descent, occurring at a rate of 1 in 3500. It is caused by a genetic mutation in a gene on chromosome 7, most commonly the ΔF508 mutation, that codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. This results in thicker mucus secretions and obstruction pathologies in multiple organs, including the lungs and sinuses.
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The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more...
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
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In vivo Evaluation of Mucociliary Clearance in Mice
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Mucociliary clearance: pathophysiological aspects.

Mathias Munkholm1, Jann Mortensen

  • 1Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging
|October 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mucociliary clearance is a key lung defense. This review covers its function, diseases, and a validated test for assessing mucociliary clearance in patients with recurrent airway issues.

Keywords:
cough clearancediagnostic testmucociliary clearanceoverview

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Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Pulmonology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is a vital innate defense mechanism in the airways.
  • Defective MCC is implicated in various lung diseases, driving therapeutic development.
  • In vivo methods to study MCC in humans are now available.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical aspects of MCC.
  • To present a clinically applicable test for in vivo MCC assessment.
  • To provide a validated protocol for diagnosing conditions like primary ciliary dyskinesia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of MCC anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology.
  • Description of a validated in vivo MCC assessment test.
  • Presentation of a diagnostic protocol used in clinical practice.

Main Results:

  • Established knowledge on MCC mechanisms and its role in lung health.
  • Development of methods to assess MCC in vivo.
  • Validation of a specific test for clinical use in airway disease diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding MCC is crucial for diagnosing and managing lung diseases.
  • In vivo assessment tools enhance diagnostic capabilities for airway disorders.
  • The presented protocol offers a reliable method for evaluating MCC function.