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Spatial separation benefit for unaided and aided listening.

Jayne B Ahlstrom1, Amy R Horwitz, Judy R Dubno

  • 1Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.

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Normal-hearing individuals and those with hearing loss benefited from spatial separation of sound sources, exceeding audibility predictions. Bilateral hearing aids offered minimal listening improvement but reduced perceived effort, indicating binaural cues aided hearing-impaired individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory perception
  • Speech processing
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Spatial separation of speech and noise improves speech intelligibility.
  • The extent of this benefit and its modulation by hearing aids, age, and frequency content are not fully understood.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for optimizing hearing aid benefit and assistive listening device design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the benefit of spatial separation on speech recognition across different low-pass cutoff frequencies.
  • To evaluate this benefit with and without bilateral hearing aids in younger and older adults, including those with hearing loss.
  • To compare observed results with predictions based on the Articulation Index.

Main Methods:

  • Speech (consonant recognition) and noise were spatially separated (0° vs. 90°) and low-pass filtered (1.7, 3.4, 7.1 kHz).
  • Participants included younger/older normal-hearing adults and older adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss using bilateral hearing aids.
  • Consonant recognition, Articulation Index, and NASA Task Load Index for workload were measured.

Main Results:

  • All groups showed improved consonant recognition with spatial separation and high-frequency information.
  • Older adults with hearing loss performed worse overall, with limited improvement from hearing aids despite audibility restoration.
  • Both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects exhibited greater spatial benefit than predicted, with hearing aids slightly enhancing this benefit.

Conclusions:

  • Normal-hearing individuals, regardless of age, effectively utilized spatial cues beyond simple audibility, showing no age-related deficit in binaural cue use.
  • Bilateral hearing aids provided negligible speech recognition benefit for hearing-impaired individuals but reduced listening effort, especially with spatial separation.
  • The limited hearing aid benefit suggests non-audibility factors (e.g., central auditory or cognitive changes) play a role, while binaural cue utilization remained effective even with hearing aids.