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Fluctuation theorems for quantum processes.

Tameem Albash1, Daniel A Lidar, Milad Marvian

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA and Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|October 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We present new fluctuation theorems for quantum dynamics, including the quantum Jarzynski equality. Unitarity, not microreversibility, ensures the physicality of reverse processes in quantum systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum thermodynamics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Quantum information theory

Background:

  • Generalized fluctuation theorems and moment generating function equalities are crucial for understanding non-equilibrium statistical mechanics.
  • Completely positive trace preserving (CPTP) maps are fundamental for describing open quantum systems.
  • Feedback control introduces complexities in quantum dynamics and thermodynamic relations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish fluctuation theorems and moment generating function equalities for generalized thermodynamic observables in quantum dynamics.
  • To investigate the role of feedback control in these quantum thermodynamic relations.
  • To identify the conditions for the physicality of reverse processes in quantum fluctuation theorems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing completely positive trace preserving (CPTP) maps to model quantum dynamics.
  • Developing generalized fluctuation theorems and moment generating function equalities.
  • Analyzing the impact of generalized measurements, including projective measurements.
  • Applying the theory to an experimental system of coupled superconducting flux qubits.

Main Results:

  • The study presents generalized fluctuation theorems and moment generating function equalities for quantum dynamics with and without feedback control.
  • Key results include the quantum Jarzynski equality and Crooks fluctuation theorem, clarifying the roles of thermodynamic work and equilibrium.
  • Unitarity is identified as the condition replacing microreversibility for the physicality of reverse processes in specific quantum fluctuation theorems.
  • An experimental application demonstrates extracting system-bath coupling magnitude in a quantum annealing system.

Conclusions:

  • The presented framework extends fluctuation theorems to generalized quantum dynamics and observables.
  • Unitarity emerges as a key principle governing the reversibility of quantum processes.
  • The findings have implications for understanding quantum thermodynamics and experimental applications in quantum computing and metrology.