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Post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis associated with pneumococcal infection
Satoshi Hibino1, Akihiro Hoshino, Takanari Fujii
1Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Summary
This case study highlights a rare instance of post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (PSAGN) in a child with pneumococcal bacteremia. Pneumococcal infection may trigger PSAGN by intensifying complement reactions.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Post-infectious glomerulonephritis (PSAGN) is typically linked to Streptococcus pyogenes infections.
- Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) can manifest following various microbial infections.
Observation:
- A 5-year-old girl presented with fever and macrohematuria, diagnosed with febrile PSAGN.
- Blood cultures confirmed Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia.
- Urinalysis showed significant proteinuria (3+), and serology revealed elevated anti-streptolysin O (ASO) and hypocomplementemia.
Findings:
- The patient experienced mild acute renal failure that resolved within days.
- While PSAGN was confirmed, the clinical presentation aligned with AGN associated with pneumococcal infections.
- This case suggests a potential link between pneumococcal infections and PSAGN incidence.
Implications:
- Pneumococcal infection might exacerbate complement activation, leading to PSAGN.
- Clinicians should consider PSAGN in febrile patients with AGN, even when pneumococcal infection is suspected.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the relationship between pneumococcal infections and PSAGN.
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