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Age and task difficulty differences in dual tasking using circle tracing and serial subtraction tasks.

Eleftheria Vaportzis1, Nellie Georgiou-Karistianis, Julie C Stout

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Summary
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Older adults show slower dual-task performance and greater costs, especially with easier tasks. Both age groups traded speed for accuracy, suggesting different impacts of dual tasking on performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Dual tasking, the simultaneous performance of two tasks, is crucial for daily activities.
  • Age-related declines in cognitive and motor functions can impact dual-task performance.
  • Proprioception, the sense of body position, plays a vital role in motor control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in dual-task performance using an upper limb proprioceptive task.
  • To examine how task difficulty and visual feedback affect dual-tasking in younger and older adults.
  • To explore potential age-related differences in reliance on proprioceptive feedback.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-eight younger (18-30 years) and 28 older (>60 years) healthy adults participated.
  • Participants performed circle tracing (varying visual feedback) and serial subtraction (varying difficulty) tasks, separately and concurrently.
  • Task difficulty was manipulated by changing visual feedback for tracing and the subtraction step size.

Main Results:

  • Older adults were significantly slower than younger adults across all conditions.
  • Dual-task costs were significantly greater in older adults, particularly with easier combined tasks.
  • No significant age differences in accuracy were observed; participants exhibited speed-accuracy trade-offs.

Conclusions:

  • Dual tasking affects speed and accuracy differently, with older adults experiencing greater performance costs.
  • Older adults may rely more on proprioceptive feedback for upper limb control during dual tasks.
  • Task difficulty and feedback modality influence dual-task performance across the lifespan.