Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

8.5K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
8.5K
Subliminal Perception01:15

Subliminal Perception

1.1K
Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
1.1K
Sensation01:21

Sensation

5.6K
Sensory receptors are specialized neurons that respond to specific types of external stimuli, initiating the process known as sensation. This occurs when sensory input, such as light entering the eye, is detected by these receptors, causing chemical changes in the cells of the retina. These cells then convert the sensory stimulus into action potentials that are transmitted to the central nervous system, a process termed transduction.
Absolute thresholds can quantify the sensitivity of sensory...
5.6K
Graded Potential01:19

Graded Potential

11.9K
Graded potentials are localized fluctuations in the cell membrane's electrical charge, commonly found in the dendrites of neurons. The magnitude of these potential changes depends on the strength of the initiating stimulus. In a membrane at its resting potential, a graded potential signifies a voltage shift either above -70 mV or below -70 mV.
Graded potentials fall into two categories: depolarizing and hyperpolarizing. Depolarizing graded potentials typically occur when sodium (Na+) or...
11.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Map of spiking activity underlying change detection in the mouse visual system.

Cell·2026
Same author

Protocol for testing global neuronal workspace and integrated information theories of consciousness in non-human primates and mice.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Effects of low-frequency burst stimulation of the motor thalamus on cortical neural co-firing.

Brain stimulation·2026
Same author

Map of spiking activity underlying change detection in the mouse visual system.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Integrating multimodal data to understand cortical circuit architecture and function.

Nature neuroscience·2025
Same author

Coordinated changes in a cortical circuit sculpt effects of novelty on neural dynamics.

Cell reports·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

State-Dependency Effects on TMS: A Look at Motive Phosphene Behavior
12:38

State-Dependency Effects on TMS: A Look at Motive Phosphene Behavior

Published on: December 28, 2010

9.9K

Subthreshold mechanisms underlying state-dependent modulation of visual responses.

Corbett Bennett1, Sergio Arroyo, Shaul Hestrin

  • 1Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Neuron
|October 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Locomotion enhances sensory processing in the brain. This study reveals how neural activity changes during movement improve visual responses and task performance in mice.

More Related Videos

Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo
10:19

Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo

Published on: March 31, 2016

7.5K
Electrophysiological Investigations of Retinogeniculate and Corticogeniculate Synapse Function
09:09

Electrophysiological Investigations of Retinogeniculate and Corticogeniculate Synapse Function

Published on: August 7, 2019

5.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

State-Dependency Effects on TMS: A Look at Motive Phosphene Behavior
12:38

State-Dependency Effects on TMS: A Look at Motive Phosphene Behavior

Published on: December 28, 2010

9.9K
Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo
10:19

Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo

Published on: March 31, 2016

7.5K
Electrophysiological Investigations of Retinogeniculate and Corticogeniculate Synapse Function
09:09

Electrophysiological Investigations of Retinogeniculate and Corticogeniculate Synapse Function

Published on: August 7, 2019

5.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory processing
  • Cortical circuits

Background:

  • Behavioral states significantly influence sensory information processing.
  • Mechanisms by which neural activity is modulated by behavior in the cortex remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how behavioral states, specifically locomotion, alter intracellular neuronal activity in the primary visual cortex.
  • To understand the impact of these alterations on sensory response characteristics and behavioral performance.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-cell recordings were performed on upper-layer cortical neurons in awake mice.
  • Neural activity was recorded during periods of locomotion and quiet wakefulness.
  • Visually evoked responses and membrane potential dynamics were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Locomotion improved the signal-to-noise ratio of sensory responses.
  • This improvement was mediated by decreased membrane potential variability and reduced background firing rates.
  • Enhanced amplitude and reliability of visually evoked subthreshold responses were observed, linked to increased conductance and altered reversal potentials.

Conclusions:

  • Locomotion dynamically modulates cortical neuronal activity to optimize sensory processing.
  • The observed changes in neural activity during locomotion directly correlate with improved performance in visual tasks.
  • These findings provide insights into the neural basis of behavioral state-dependent sensory perception.