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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

287
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

223
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
223
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Aquaporins01:25

Aquaporins

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Aquaporins or AQPs are a family of integral membrane proteins whose primary function is to transport water, while some called aquaglyceroporins also transport glycerol. In addition, aquaporins have also been suspected to be involved in transporting volatile substances, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia, across membranes. Such AQPs that act as gas channels are often highly expressed in cells involved in the gaseous exchange, such as red blood cells, epithelial cells, and pulmonary capillaries.
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Updated: May 6, 2026

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
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[Aquagenic urticaria. A case report].

B Kreft1, J Wohlrab, W C Marsch

  • 1Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale) der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Kromayer-Str. 5, 06097, Halle (Saale), Deutschland, burkhard.kreft@medizin.uni-halle.de.

Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, Und Verwandte Gebiete
|October 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aquagenic urticaria is a rare skin condition causing hives upon water contact. While its cause is unknown, treatments like antihistamines may offer relief.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology

Background:

  • Aquagenic urticaria is a rare form of contact urticaria.
  • Characterized by the development of small wheals after skin exposure to water.

Observation:

  • A 38-year-old woman experienced recurrent urticaria on her upper body following water contact.
  • Clinical presentation confirmed the diagnosis of aquagenic urticaria.

Findings:

  • Aquagenic urticaria presents with small wheals, predominantly on the upper body.
  • Distinguishing it from aquagenic pruritus is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • The precise pathogenetic mechanisms remain largely unknown.

Implications:

  • Understanding aquagenic urticaria is important for differential diagnosis in water-induced skin reactions.
  • Potential treatments include antihistamines, ultraviolet therapy, and hydrophobic barrier creams.
  • Further research into pathogenesis may reveal more targeted therapeutic strategies.