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Related Concept Videos

Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

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The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
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Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
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Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

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As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may  include:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
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Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

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Active versus passive cooling during neonatal transport.

Rajiv Chaudhary1, Kate Farrer, Susan Broster

  • 1BSc, MBBS, MRCPCH, Neonatal ICU, Box 402, Rosie Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. topun.austin@addenbrookes.nhs.uk.

Pediatrics
|October 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Active cooling during infant transfer for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy significantly reduces time to treatment and improves temperature stability compared to passive cooling methods. This ensures better outcomes for neonates requiring therapeutic hypothermia.

Keywords:
hypothermiahypoxic-ischemic encephalopathyneonataltransport medicine

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A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Critical Care
  • Thermoregulation

Background:

  • Therapeutic hypothermia is standard care for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).
  • Early initiation of cooling is crucial for HIE treatment.
  • Infant transfer to specialized NICUs is often necessary for continued cooling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare passive versus active (servo-controlled) cooling methods during inter-facility infant transfer.
  • To analyze the impact of cooling method on transfer time and temperature stability.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of 143 infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia.
  • Comparison of 64 infants cooled passively versus 70 infants cooled actively using a servo-controlled mattress.
  • Outcome measures included time to cooling initiation, stabilization, arrival, and temperature at arrival.

Main Results:

  • Active cooling significantly reduced the time to start cooling (46 vs. 120 minutes).
  • Actively cooled infants had shorter stabilization and arrival times (P=.04 and P=.01, respectively).
  • 100% of actively cooled infants were within target temperature range on arrival, versus 39% passively cooled.

Conclusions:

  • Servo-controlled active cooling improves temperature stability during transfer.
  • Active cooling is associated with reduced transfer times for infants with HIE.