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Related Concept Videos

Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

Transcellular Transport of Solutes

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Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
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Membrane Transporters01:31

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Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
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The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
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The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

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Facilitated Transport01:19

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Author Spotlight: Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carrier Transporters Using Codon-Optimized Genes
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How do transporters couple solute movements?

Gary Rudnick1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA.

Molecular Membrane Biology
|October 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

High-resolution structures reveal transport protein mechanisms. Recent biochemical and biophysical studies are elucidating how these proteins achieve solute coupling, moving one substance by moving another.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • High-resolution atomic structures of transport proteins offer insights into their function.
  • Understanding conformational changes is crucial for deciphering transport mechanisms.
  • Transport proteins uniquely couple the movement of one solute to another.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss how recent biochemical and biophysical studies illuminate solute coupling in transport proteins.
  • To explore the information beyond crystal structures needed to understand coupled transport.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of high-resolution atomic structures.
  • Review of recent biochemical studies.
  • Integration of biophysical experimental data.

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Main Results:

  • Crystal structures provide details on conformational changes.
  • Biochemical and biophysical data are essential for understanding solute coupling.
  • Multiple conformations from structural data aid mechanistic insights.

Conclusions:

  • Atomic structures are valuable for understanding transport protein mechanisms.
  • Solute coupling requires integrating structural data with biochemical and biophysical evidence.
  • Further research combining these approaches will deepen our understanding of transporter function.