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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Overview of Exosomes01:36

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
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Accessory Glands of the Male Reproductive System01:16

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The accessory ducts involved in sperm maturation and transportation include the epididymides, vasa deferentia, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra. These ducts play a critical role in the maturation, storage, and transportation of sperm from the testes to the urethra, where it is then released during ejaculation.
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The Proteasome02:18

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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
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The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients
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Prostasomes: extracellular vesicles from the prostate.

Marian Aalberts1, Tom A E Stout, Willem Stoorvogel

  • 1Biochemistry and Cell Biology.

Reproduction (Cambridge, England)
|October 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Prostasomes, extracellular vesicles from the prostate, are crucial for sperm function and may play a role in prostate cancer. Further research is needed to understand their diverse functions and mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Prostasomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by prostate epithelial cells into prostatic fluid.
  • Other male reproductive tract epithelia also release EVs that mix with prostasomes.
  • Prostasomes are implicated in regulating sperm capacitation, acrosome reaction, and motility, essential for fertilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the diverse physiological functions of prostasomes.
  • To investigate whether distinct prostasome subpopulations exist with specific roles.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying prostasome functions.
  • To explore the role of prostasomes in prostate cancer progression and as potential biomarkers.

Main Methods:

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  • This study involves a comprehensive review and analysis of existing literature on prostasomes.
  • Investigates the proposed functions of prostasomes in male reproductive physiology.
  • Examines the potential involvement of prostasomes in prostate cancer development and detection.

    • Main Results:

    • Prostasomes are proposed to regulate key sperm functions necessary for fertilization.
    • They may also protect spermatozoa from immune destruction in the female reproductive tract.
    • Prostasomes from tumor cells might contribute to prostate cancer metastasis.
    • Prostasomes in blood plasma show potential as prostate cancer biomarkers.

    Conclusions:

    • The precise roles and subpopulations of prostasomes require further investigation.
    • Understanding prostasome mechanisms is crucial for both reproductive health and cancer diagnostics.
    • Prostasomes represent a significant area for future research in reproductive biology and oncology.