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Related Concept Videos

Gap Junctions01:27

Gap Junctions

9.3K
The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
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Gap Junctions01:37

Gap Junctions

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Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Electrical Synapses01:28

Electrical Synapses

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Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
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Action Potentials01:41

Action Potentials

113.0K
Overview
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Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

9.6K
Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
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Updated: May 6, 2026

Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injury in Mice
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Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injury in Mice

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Nerve gaps.

Neil F Sachanandani1, Aravind Pothula, Thomas H Tung

  • 1St. Louis, Mo. From Washington University School of Medicine.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|October 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral nerve injuries impact over a million individuals annually, presenting challenges for surgeons. Treatment options for nerve gaps include autografts, conduits, and allografts, with nerve transfers for severe cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Peripheral nerve injuries represent a significant global health issue, affecting over one million people each year.
  • These injuries pose considerable challenges for plastic and reconstructive surgeons, necessitating effective management strategies.
  • The management of nerve gaps requires careful consideration of various reconstructive options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the indications and outcomes for different management options for peripheral nerve gaps.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of surgical techniques for nerve repair and reconstruction.
  • To assist surgeons in selecting the most appropriate treatment for peripheral nerve injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on peripheral nerve repair and reconstruction techniques.
  • Analysis of indications and outcomes for nerve autografts, nerve conduits, and acellular nerve allografts.
  • Evaluation of advanced techniques such as cellular nerve allografts and nerve transfers for extensive injuries.

Main Results:

  • Multiple viable options exist for managing nerve gaps, including autografts, conduits, and allografts.
  • Cellular nerve allografts and nerve transfers are considered for more extensive or proximal nerve injuries.
  • The choice of treatment depends on the specific characteristics of the nerve injury.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral nerve injury is a prevalent condition requiring specialized surgical management.
  • A range of reconstructive options are available, each with specific indications and expected outcomes.
  • In many instances, multiple treatment modalities may be suitable for addressing nerve gaps.