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Immunologic abnormalities in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

H C Lane, A S Fauci

    Annual Review of Immunology
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) involves severe immune system defects, primarily impacting helper T lymphocytes due to human T-cell lymphotropic virus III (HTLV-III) infection. Further research is crucial for understanding immune dysfunction and developing effective therapies for this fatal illness.

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    AIDS research and human retroviruses·1992

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Virology
    • Cellular Biology

    Background:

    • Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) exhibit profound cell-mediated immunity defects.
    • This immune deficiency is primarily linked to a reduction in helper/inducer T lymphocytes, crucial for immune responses.
    • Secondary immune dysfunctions, including opportunistic infections, arise from impaired inducer-cell function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the immune system defects in patients with AIDS.
    • To identify the causative agent responsible for the observed immunodeficiency.
    • To highlight the need for further research into effective therapies for AIDS.

    Main Methods:

    • Characterization of cell-mediated immunity in AIDS patients.
    • Analysis of T lymphocyte populations, specifically helper/inducer T cells (T4+).

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  • Isolation and identification of the retrovirus responsible for AIDS (HTLV-III/LAV).

    • Main Results:

    • A significant decrease in the number and function of helper/inducer T lymphocytes was observed in AIDS patients.
    • Human T-cell lymphotropic virus III (HTLV-III), also known as lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), was identified as the causative agent.
    • The virus selectively infects T4+ lymphocytes, leading to their depletion and immune system collapse.

    Conclusions:

    • The primary cause of AIDS is infection with HTLV-III/LAV, leading to a critical defect in cell-mediated immunity.
    • Despite understanding the cause, effective therapies remain limited, underscoring the urgent need for continued research.
    • Further investigation into AIDS immunodeficiency can enhance understanding of the human immune system in health and disease.