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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

35.6K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
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Genetic Material01:20

Genetic Material

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Within the human body, a complex and detailed system of trillions of cells works in unison to sustain life. Each cell houses a nucleus, which contains 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs. Chromosomes are highly coiled structures made of the genetic material DNA. These chromosomes are essential carriers of genetic information, with half inherited from the mother through her egg and the other half from the father's sperm, combining to create the unique genetic makeup of an individual.
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Using Human Differentially Expressed Gene Lists to Perform Downstream Pathway Enrichment Analysis and Target Prioritization
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Genomic resources notes accepted 1 August 2013-30 September 2013.

, David W Coltman, Corey S Davis

    Molecular Ecology Resources
    |October 25, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Raw transcriptome data and 63,020 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are now publicly available. This release supports research into polar bear genetics and conservation efforts.

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    Area of Science:

    • Genomics
    • Conservation Biology
    • Zoology

    Background:

    • Understanding the genetic diversity of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) is crucial for their conservation.
    • Access to high-throughput sequencing data aids in population studies and evolutionary research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To document the public release of raw transcriptome sequencing data for Ursus maritimus.
    • To make a comprehensive dataset of 63,020 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) readily available to the scientific community.

    Main Methods:

    • Whole-genome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing were performed on polar bear samples.
    • Bioinformatic pipelines were utilized for data processing and SNP identification.

    Main Results:

    • Publicly accessible raw transcriptome sequence data for Ursus maritimus has been generated.
    • A dataset comprising 63,020 validated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is now available.

    Conclusions:

    • The released data provides a valuable resource for future studies on polar bear genomics.
    • Facilitates research into population structure, adaptation, and evolutionary history of Ursus maritimus.