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TMS over V5 disrupts motion prediction.

Petra Vetter¹, Marie-Helene Grosbras², Lars Muckli²

¹Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QB, UK Current address: Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Medical School and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland.

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|October 25, 2013

Summary

The brain predicts sensory information using predictive coding. Disrupting visual area V5 causally eliminated the advantage of detecting predictable visual motion, supporting V5's role in this predictive process.

Keywords:

V1 apparent motion double-pulse TMS hMT+predictive coding

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Visual Perception

Background:

The brain efficiently processes vast sensory input by predicting future information based on context.
Predictive coding theory posits that higher brain regions generate predictions, conveyed via feedback to sensory areas.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the necessity of the higher-level visual area V5 in predictive processing during apparent motion.
To provide causal evidence for the role of V5 in visual motion prediction.

Main Methods:

An apparent motion paradigm was used, presenting targets in-time or out-of-time with predicted motion.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging-guided, double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over left V5 and the vertex.
Target detection accuracy was measured under different TMS conditions.

Main Results:

Predictable, in-time targets were detected better than unpredictable, out-of-time targets.
TMS over left V5 eliminated this detection advantage for in-time targets.
TMS over the vertex did not affect the detection advantage.

Conclusions:

Area V5 is causally necessary for the prediction effect in visual motion perception.
Information flow between V5 and V1 is critical for visual motion prediction.
Findings support the predictive coding framework and V5's role in predictive processing.