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Mosquito-Associated Virus Isolation from Field-Collected Mosquitoes
Published on: August 31, 2022
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[Bunyavirus and its ecology]
Kumiko Yoshimatsu1, Jiro Arikawa
1Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases,Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University.
Uirusu
|October 25, 2013
Summary
Bunyaviridae viruses, including hantaviruses and tick-borne phleboviruses like SFTSV, show complex evolutionary histories and emerging infectious disease potential. Rodents and arthropods act as key reservoirs for these diverse RNA viruses.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Evolutionary Biology
Context:
- The Bunyaviridae family encompasses over 300 viruses, including important genera like Orthobunyavirus, Hantavirus, Nairovirus, Phlebovirus, and Tospovirus.
- Bunyaviridae viruses possess a tripartite, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome encoding essential viral proteins.
- While most Bunyaviridae are arthropod-borne, hantaviruses are rodent-borne, with recent discoveries revealing ancient and widespread rodent associations.
Purpose:
- To provide an overview of the Bunyaviridae family, focusing on hantaviruses and emerging viruses.
- To highlight the complex evolutionary history and ancient origins of hantaviruses.
- To introduce Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome virus (SFTSV) as a notable emerging tick-borne phlebovirus.
Summary:
- Bunyaviridae viruses, characterized by their tripartite RNA genomes, are transmitted by various vectors, primarily arthropods or rodents.
- Recent findings indicate a more ancient and complex evolutionary past for hantaviruses than previously understood, with discoveries across multiple continents.
- Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS), caused by a unique tick-borne phlebovirus, represents a significant emerging infectious disease.
Impact:
- Expands understanding of Bunyaviridae diversity, evolution, and host-vector interactions.
- Highlights the potential for novel virus discovery and the re-evaluation of viral evolutionary timelines.
- Emphasizes the public health significance of emerging Bunyaviridae infections, such as SFTS, and their distinct transmission dynamics.
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