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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

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Hyper-numerical aperture (NA = 2.8) microscope using λ = 1.56 µm femtosecond source for multi-photon imaging.

Youngsik Kim1, Phat Lu, Tom D Milster

  • 1College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1630 E. University Blvd. Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

Biomedical Optics Express
|October 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A novel microscope utilizes a femtosecond fiber laser for multi-photon imaging, revealing insights into silicon interfaces and gold nanoparticles. Its imaging properties were demonstrated with cells and nanoparticles, showing consistent emission from gold nanoparticles regardless of size.

Keywords:
(180.4243) Near-field microscopy(180.4315) Nonlinear microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Advanced microscopy techniques are crucial for characterizing nanoscale materials and biological samples.
  • Multi-photon microscopy offers enhanced depth penetration and reduced phototoxicity compared to single-photon methods.
  • Investigating optical properties of nanomaterials like gold nanoparticles is essential for their applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and characterize a new scanning microscope system.
  • To investigate multi-photon emission from silicon interfaces and gold nanoparticles.
  • To analyze the spectral and emission properties of gold nanoparticles of varying sizes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a scanning microscope with a numerical aperture of 2.8 and a 1.56 µm femtosecond fiber laser.
  • Imaged multi-photon emission in transmission using a cooled CCD detector.
  • Employed a blazed transmission grating for spectral analysis of individual particles.
  • Studied cells, reference spheres, and gold nanoparticles (20nm, 40nm, 60nm).

Main Results:

  • Observed two-photon and three-photon effects at the silicon/water interface and from gold nanoparticles.
  • Demonstrated the imaging capabilities of the microscope with various samples.
  • Found that gold nanoparticle emission is a two-photon effect due to continuum generation.
  • Observed similar spectral shapes and emission powers for 20nm, 40nm, and 60nm gold nanoparticles.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microscope is effective for multi-photon imaging of nanoscale phenomena.
  • Gold nanoparticle emission properties are consistent across different sizes studied, primarily driven by a two-photon continuum generation effect.
  • This study provides valuable data on the optical behavior of gold nanoparticles relevant to sensing and imaging applications.