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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Updated: May 6, 2026

An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney
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Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: not an extinct disease!

M Demuynck1, E Lerut, D Kuypers

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.

Acta Clinica Belgica
|October 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is still relevant, even in type 1 diabetic patients. Clinicians must remain vigilant for this condition, as its presentation may differ from typical cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) incidence has declined due to antibiotic use.
  • Type 1 diabetes may influence the presentation or susceptibility to APSGN.
  • Classical APSGN often follows streptococcal pharyngitis.

Observation:

  • A 29-year-old patient with type 1 diabetes was diagnosed with APSGN.
  • The patient's presentation deviated from the typical post-angina pattern.
  • This case highlights APSGN in an unexpected demographic and clinical context.

Findings:

  • The case confirms APSGN remains a concern despite decreased incidence.
  • Type 1 diabetes did not preclude the development of APSGN.
  • Non-classical presentations of APSGN are possible and require clinical awareness.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should consider APSGN in patients with type 1 diabetes, even with atypical symptoms.
  • Antibiotic stewardship has reduced APSGN rates but not eliminated it.
  • Maintaining awareness of APSGN is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.