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Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

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A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
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Temporal dynamics and transcriptional control using single-cell gene expression analysis.

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    Single-cell profiling reveals dynamic gene regulatory network rewiring during cell differentiation. This study identifies MYB as a key regulator modulating differentiation pathways in human myeloid cells.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Cellular Differentiation
    • Gene Regulation

    Background:

    • Environmental changes induce gene expression variations within regulatory networks.
    • Understanding expression heterogeneity propagation in endogenous networks during development is limited.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the temporal dynamics of a single-cell transcriptional network during cell differentiation.
    • To understand how expression heterogeneity is distributed and utilized during this process.

    Main Methods:

    • Temporal profiling of 120 single THP-1 human myeloid leukemia cells at eight time points.
    • Analysis of gene expression variation and regulation within a 45-transcription factor network.
    • Inference of regulatory modules and co-expression networks.

    Main Results:

    • Identified dynamic and specific rewiring of gene regulatory networks as a cellular differentiation strategy.
    • Discovered the proto-oncogene MYB acts as a network hinge, modulating pro- and anti-differentiation pathways.
    • Revealed highly controlled regulatory modules operating with stochastic effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Temporal single-cell expression profiling offers powerful mechanistic insights into cellular differentiation.
    • This approach enhances understanding compared to averaged cell population studies.
    • The methodology provides a foundation for novel single-cell transcription regulation studies.