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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Vaccines

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...

Immunological Memory

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

In Vivo Assay for Detection of Antigen-specific T-cell Cytolytic Function Using a Vaccination Model

In Vivo Assay for Detection of Antigen-specific T-cell Cytolytic Function Using a Vaccination Model

Published on: November 28, 2017

Immunosignatures can predict vaccine efficacy.

Joseph Barten Legutki¹, Stephen Albert Johnston

¹Center for Innovations in Medicine, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|October 30, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces immunosignaturing, a chip-based method to predict vaccine effectiveness by analyzing antibody diversity. This technique can identify protective vaccines and individual responses, aiding future vaccine development.

Keywords:

antibody repertoire epitope prediction immune profile peptide microarray systems vaccinology

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Vaccinology
Biotechnology

Background:

Predicting vaccine performance is crucial for developing new vaccines and monitoring immune responses.
Current methods for assessing vaccine effectiveness and individual responses are limited.
Antibody diversity plays a key role in protective immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate immunosignaturing as a method for predicting vaccine effectiveness.
To determine if immunosignaturing can identify correlates of protection against influenza.
To explore the potential of immunosignaturing in personalized vaccinology.

Main Methods:

Development of a chip-based immunosignaturing platform displaying antibody diversity on peptide arrays.
Application of immunosignaturing to analyze antibody responses in a mouse model of influenza infection.
Correlation analysis between immunosignatures and vaccine-induced protection or survival outcomes.

Main Results:

Immunosignaturing successfully discriminated between protective and non-protective influenza vaccines in mice.
Individual immunosignatures predicted survival outcomes in mice vaccinated with the same vaccine.
Key peptides within protective immunosignatures were identified as potential correlates of protection, mapping to influenza virus epitopes.

Conclusions:

Immunosignaturing is a viable tool for predicting vaccine effectiveness and identifying correlates of protection.
This technology offers a promising approach for personalized vaccine response assessment.
The identified correlates of protection can guide the development of more effective influenza vaccines.