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Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Complications01:25

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Complications

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Duodenal UlcersDuodenal ulcers are the most common form of peptic ulcer disease, presenting with chronic, intermittent epigastric pain. Pain typically appears 2–3 hours after meals, especially when the stomach is empty, often waking patients at night. It is characteristically relieved by food or antacids (“pain–food–relief”). Some patients remain asymptomatic until complications like bleeding or perforation emerge, particularly with NSAID or anticoagulant...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Peptic ulcer disease develops when protective mechanisms of the gastrointestinal mucosa are overwhelmed by harmful factors, leading to localized erosions in the stomach or proximal duodenum. The main causes are Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).Helicobacter pylori–Induced InjuryBacterial Adaptation and Colonization:H. pylori is a spiral, Gram-negative bacterium adapted to the acidic stomach. and transmitted through oral-oral or...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by the development of ulcers in the stomach or duodenal mucosa. Its pathophysiology is complex, involving a balance between damaging and protective elements.
Damaging agents such as Helicobacter pylori, gastric acid, pepsin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can weaken the mucosal defense, allowing hydrogen ions to infiltrate back and harm epithelial cells.
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Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:25

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

72
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) involves breaks in the gastrointestinal tract's mucosal lining, primarily in the stomach and duodenum, with less frequent occurrences in the lower esophagus or near the pylorus.Ulcers can be acute or chronic. Acute ulcers are short-lived with minimal inflammation and heal quickly after the irritant is removed. Chronic ulcers persist, may recur, and often cause scarring due to ongoing tissue damage. Superficial erosions affect only the mucosal layer and are called...
72
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

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Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
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Diagnostic Accuracy of a Bacterial Versus Viral Host-protein Test for Children Hospitalized With Acute Infections.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Urethroplasty with Pedicled Tunica Vaginalis for the Treatment of Long-segment Anterior Urethral Stricture Caused by Lichen Sclerosus of Glans Penis
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[Genital ulcers--what's new?].

Bahaa Abu Raya1, Ellen Bamberger, Isaac Srugo

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. baha_aboraya@yahoo.com

Harefuah
|October 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Genital ulcers are commonly caused by herpes simplex virus and syphilis, with mixed infections increasing HIV risk. Prompt laboratory testing and treatment are crucial for diagnosis and preventing transmission.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology

Context:

  • Genital ulcers are a common clinical presentation with significant public health implications.
  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and syphilis are leading infectious etiologies.
  • Genital ulcers increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and transmission.

Purpose:

  • To review the primary infectious pathogens responsible for genital ulcers.
  • To discuss their clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies.
  • To highlight the importance of accurate and timely laboratory testing.

Summary:

  • Common causes include herpes simplex virus and syphilis; mixed infections and increased HIV risk are noted.
  • Diagnostic methods involve serology, dark field microscopy, viral culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

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  • Mandatory HIV testing and prompt treatment are essential to reduce transmission.

    • Impact:

    • Improved diagnostic strategies can lead to earlier and more effective treatment of genital ulcer infections.
    • Understanding transmission dynamics aids in public health interventions and prevention efforts.
    • Awareness of potential overtreatment with new syphilis screening algorithms is crucial for patient care.