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Related Concept Videos

Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

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The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
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Vision01:24

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Perception01:28

Perception

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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
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Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

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Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
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Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
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Do we have independent visual streams for perception and action?

Thomas Schenk1, Robert D McIntosh

  • 1a Wolfson Research Institute, Durham University , Stockton on Tees , UK.

Cognitive Neuroscience
|October 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The perception-action model

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Processing

Background:

  • The perception-action model posits distinct visual streams for perception and action.
  • This influential model has guided research for two decades.
  • It proposes core functional contrasts between the ventral and dorsal streams.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the empirical evidence supporting the perception-action model's core contrasts.
  • To reassess the functional independence of the ventral and dorsal visual streams.
  • To provide an updated perspective on visual stream specialization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental findings related to visual stream function.
  • Critical analysis of evidence supporting functional contrasts.

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  • Examination of inter-stream interactions in visual processing.

    • Main Results:

    • Evidence supporting the proposed functional contrasts between visual streams is limited or refuted.
    • The specializations of the ventral and dorsal streams are relative, not absolute.
    • Extensive inter-stream interactions challenge the notion of functional independence.

    Conclusions:

    • The perception-action model captures broad functional localization patterns but oversimplifies stream specialization.
    • The ventral and dorsal visual streams are not functionally independent.
    • Interactions between streams are crucial for visual processing.