[Follow up care of the preterm infant]

The birthrate of preterm infants in Switzerland has remained stable over the last few years with 7.3 % of all live births in 2011. Although outcome and survival have significantly improved in the last decades, morbidity and mortality of preterm infants are still challenging the health care system. Important sequelae especially of extreme preterm birth are bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), impaired growth and neurodevelopmental delay. Respiratory problems following discharge are more common among preterm infants and include an increased risk of cough, wheeze and airway hyperresponsiveness leading to a higher re-hospitalization rate in the first year of life compared to term infants. Routine vaccinations should be administered according to the chronological age. For very preterm infants an accelerated vaccination schedule is recommended. Respiratory-Syncytial-Virus (RSV) immunoglobulin is available for infants with moderate and severe BPD. Growth and neurodevelopment of preterm infants should be closely monitored. In the first 24 months of life, interpretation of the findings should take the preterm birth into account and gestational age should be corrected accordingly. Preterm infants are at risk for neurodevelopmental impairment including vision and hearing. Early detection of neurodevelopmental problems and implementation of appropriate interventions can improve outcome.