On the pervasive influences of implicit memory

In Voss, Lucas, and Paller (2012) we reviewed evidence that behavioral, neural and subjective phenomena often considered to be hallmarks of explicit memory can be powerfully influenced by processing related to implicit memory. We argued that, as a result, behavioral and neuroimaging experiments designed to measure explicit memory are sometimes prone to capture aspects of implicit memory instead. The nine commentaries published in response to our target article largely resonated with these conclusions. Here we highlight the numerous additional insights offered by these commentaries regarding the circumstances and precise mechanisms that may characterize relationships between implicit and explicit memory, and we describe similarities and differences with our interpretations.