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Updated: May 6, 2026

Investigating the 'Uncatchable Smile' in Leonardo da Vinci's La Bella Principessa: A Comparison with the Mona Lisa and Pollaiuolo's Portrait of a Girl
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The "Unpleasant" smile.

A S Kostianovsky1, A M Rubinstein

  • 1, Paraná 1146 P.B., Buenos Aires, Argentina.

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|November 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A straightforward surgical technique corrects an "unpleasant smile" by reducing excessive upper gum display. This method creates a lip adhesion, effectively limiting lip movement for improved facial aesthetics.

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Aesthetic Surgery

Background:

  • The "unpleasant smile" or gummy smile is a common aesthetic concern.
  • Patients often seek minimally invasive solutions over complex maxillofacial surgery.
  • Excessive display of maxillary mucosa during smiling impacts patient confidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a simple surgical procedure for correcting the gummy smile.
  • To offer an alternative to more invasive maxillofacial techniques.
  • To improve the aesthetic outcome for patients with excessive gingival display during smiling.

Main Methods:

  • The technique involves creating a synechia (adhesion) between the upper lip and the maxillary periosteum.
  • This adhesion restricts the upward excursion of the upper lip.
  • The procedure aims to 'hide' the excessive maxillary mucosa visible when smiling.

Main Results:

  • The described procedure effectively corrects the gummy smile aesthetic.
  • It provides a solution for patients who are hesitant about extensive surgery.
  • The synechia formation successfully limits lip overexcursion during smiling.

Conclusions:

  • A simple synechia formation is an effective method for gummy smile correction.
  • This technique offers a less complex alternative to maxillofacial surgery.
  • The procedure yields satisfactory aesthetic results by managing lip dynamics.