Hydration-state-responsive proteins link cold and drought stress in spinach

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) seedlings exposed to low nonfreezing temperatures (0-10° C) that promote cold acclimation, synthesize a variety cold-acclimation proteins and at the same time acquire a greater ability to withstand cellular dehydration imposed by the freezing of tissue water. Two of these proteins (160 and 85 kDa) become more abundant over time at low temperature. In addition, a small decline in tissue water status from a maximally hydrated state also appears to be associated with an initiation of the accumulation of these proteins at a noninductive temperature. Imposing a severe water stress on young seedlings grown at 25° C by withholding water leads to substantial accumulation of the 160- and 85-kDa proteins, and maximal induction of freezing tolerance. This evidence implies that responses to cold acclimation and water stress involve common mechanisms, and further establishes the linkage of these two proteins with stresses having an osmotic component.