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Effect of prenatal programming on heifer development.

Richard N Funston1, Adam F Summers

  • 1Department of Animal Science, West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 402 West State Farm Road, North Platte, NE 69101, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice
|November 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Maternal factors like age and stress influence nutrient transfer to the fetus in beef cattle. This fetal programming, via epigenetic changes, impacts offspring health and reproduction for generations.

Keywords:
Beef cowEpigenetic modificationFetal programmingMaternal nutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Nutrient partitioning in beef cattle is influenced by dam age, litter size, production demands, and environmental stressors.
  • These factors are critical in fetal programming, affecting offspring health, growth, and reproductive capabilities.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are key mediators of fetal programming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the factors influencing nutrient partitioning between dam and fetus in beef cattle.
  • To understand the role of these factors in fetal programming and its long-term consequences.
  • To highlight the impact of maternal environment on offspring development and reproductive success.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on nutrient partitioning and fetal programming in beef cattle.
  • Analysis of factors including maternal age, number of fetuses, production demands, and environmental stress.
  • Examination of epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications) involved in transgenerational inheritance.

Main Results:

  • Maternal age, litter size, production demands, and environmental stress significantly affect nutrient flow to the fetus.
  • Fetal programming influences neonatal outcomes, postnatal growth, body composition, health, and reproductive performance.
  • Epigenetic alterations can lead to heritable changes in offspring traits, impacting multiple generations.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal environment and physiological status critically influence fetal development and subsequent heifer performance.
  • Epigenetic modifications are crucial mechanisms by which the maternal environment programs the fetus.
  • Understanding these processes is vital for improving beef cattle productivity and sustainability.